Why Macbeth Is An Aristotelian Tragedy Essay Example For Students

Why Macbeth Is An Aristotelian Tragedy Essay Shakespeares Macbeth is an exemplary form of Aristotles definition of tragedy. Macbeth, on par with Oedipus and Medea, begins the play on a noble pedestal, but, before the eyes of the viewers, loses the battle with his destiny, and degrades from a hero to a butcher by its denouement. This is not all there is to Macbeth, however. Aristotle took the concept of tragedy very seriously, and, in order to be tragic by his standards, something would have to fulfill numerous goals, stay within certain parameters, and satisfy a set of prerequisites. With this in mind, it becomes apparent that the moving, poetic plot of Macbeth did not flow from Shakespeares pen as glibly as it might seem. The first goal that Macbeth meets is its representation of something that is serious. Without this vital component of tragedy, a person who was formerly resolute, but succumbs to hunger one day and splurges on a chocolate cake, having lost a battle with a greater force, could conceivably be considered tragic. We will write a custom essay on Why Macbeth Is An Aristotelian Tragedy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now That doesnt make much sense, though. In Macbeth, there is never a comic moment, and barely any action is made without serious repercussions–usually resulting in the loss or salvation of someones life. Macbeth is a man who rises to public admiration through his courage and valor in war, who, after being seduced by the witches prophecies, yields to his ambition to be king, and leaves more and more murdered bodies in his wake as his aspirations climb and his morality plummets. In the end, several have died to sate Macbeths whims, and Macbeth must also be slain as a result. In this, Macbeth also meets Aristotles rules that a tragedy must be complete and of a certain magnitude. The tragedy is complete because Macbeths descent into madness is ended at the tip of Macduffs sword and with Macduffs dismissive words, Hail, king! for so thou art: behold, where stands The usurpers cursed head: the time is free. The magnitude of Macbeths situation is twofold: it is of a great scale literally because Macbeth has made himself the king of Scotland, and, therefore, responsible for the lives of all of its citizens (not a responsibility that should be given to someone who can be so easily influenced by his conniving wife or his own emotions), and Macbeths situation is of a great scale figuratively because he becomes increasingly vain, that is, concerned only with himself, and begins to think nothing of ending someones life (even if he or she is wholly innocent) for his own gains. Perhaps the moment at which the viewers sympathy for the tragic hero really begins to wax is when his or her fortune reverses. This is because the heros tragedy does not become fully apparent until his or her downfall is imminent. When Macbeth gets away with killing whoever he wants, hes a jerk who has fallen from grace, but still a jerk. When things start to backfire, though, the audience realizes that Macbeth has brought all this trouble on himself, and, if only he had had a bit more fortitude, or, if only he hadnt placed so much trust and hope in the witches, or, if only he hadnt listened to his wife, etc. tc. On a sympathetic level, the audience pities poor Macbeth, and, on an empathic level, the audience fears that maybe they might succumb to the same weaknesses of character. When a play is successful on reaching audiences on both levels, through sympathy and empathy, it is Aristotelian. Macbeths in-depth portrayal of Macbeths tragedy on the internal (Macbeths mental and emotional turmoil as revealed through his soliloquies and paranoid behavior) and external (the destruction of empires and ending of lives) levels is enough to connect to even the most reluctant viewer. .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .postImageUrl , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:hover , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:visited , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:active { border:0!important; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:active , .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823 .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u08c848596f851ea6011f63c0ac5be823:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: An inspector calls essayAn important supporting detail to the effectiveness of a tragedy and its qualification as Aristotelian is the use of embellished language. To the modern reader, anything written in Shakespearean English seems magnificently embellished, but thats beside the point. The use of dramatic speech can easily change the whole atmosphere of a performance, putting the viewer in a completely different frame of mind. It takes the viewer from his or her everyday life and establishes a more dramatic, romanticized world. If effective enough, the viewer can even apply real emotions to the fantasy world, something that Aristotle called purgation of , and that we, today, call catharsis. If all of the other Aristotelian elements of a tragedy fall properly into place, catharsis should be achieved. The viewers feel for the characters of Macbeth–becoming enraged with the scheming of Lady Macbeth, mourning the death of innocent Duncan, ultimately feeling sorrow for Macbeths plot, etc. I think that Aristotle would have beamed with pride had he ever been given the chance to experience Shakespeares Macbeth, because it fulfills all of his expectations for a proper tragedy. Macbeths characters are not cardboard cut-outs, but seem to have real vitality–real merits and real flaws, the latter being especially present in the case of the plays title character. Macbeth is a tragedy in the ancient Greek sense if ever there was one, and it is certainly no coincidence that it is also one of the most well-known plays in existence.

Should the drinking age be lowered essays

Should the drinking age be lowered essays A man is out on Highway 41 on his way home from a party when suddenly a car swerves out in front of him and hits him. He and the other car are in a ditch and both cars are totaled. The police and ambulances arrive and pull him and the driver of the other car out. Then, he finds out that the person who hit him is 18 and was drunk. A teenager could have killed him. How do you suppose that made him feel? This story is a perfect example of why the drinking age of 21 should not be lowered. The drinking age should not be lowered for numerous reasons: the risks of more fatalities, numerous numbers of crashes, DWI arrests, and alcohol-related problems. Some legislators clam the drinking age should be lowered because drinking ages as high as 21 will never come close to enforcement. That cause inflates the crime rate because the authorities often apprehend perfectly responsible individuals aged eighteen to twenty-one who drink, or attempt to purchase alcohol. Although the legal purchase age is 21, a majority of young people under this age consume alcohol, and too many of them do so in an irresponsible manner. This reason is because little kids see people under the age 21 purchasing or drinking alcohol and they take it as a symbol of adulthood. The U.S. has tried prohibition twice, first at the state level in the 1850s and at the national level beginning in 1920. These efforts to prevent drinking were unenforceable and created serious social problems such as widespread disrespect for law, the growth of organized crime, and the development of immoderate consumption patterns(Ruth Engs, Dr). Some state legislators say that the drinking age should be lowered because they say that teens have enough responsibility and maturely to know when enough alcohol is enough. The proportion of the American population that drinks, including young people, has been decreasing since about 1980. Then, states were required to raise th...

How to Use the French Adverb Enfin (At Last, Finally)

How to Use the French Adverb Enfin (At Last, Finally) Enfin, pronounced a(n) feh(n), is a French adverb that means at last, finally, in short, at least. It is usually used in a declarative manner, but it can also be an exclamation: Enfin ! Finally! Note that in informal speech,  enfin  is often  abbreviated  to a single syllable:  fin. A Common French Expression Enfin  is among the most common French expressions, such as: Allons-y !  (Lets go!)Bon appà ©tit !  (Enjoy your meal!)  Ce nest pas grave. (No problem.)De rien. (Youre welcome.)Jarrive ! (Im on my way!)Nest-ce pas  ? (Right?)Oh l l.   Oh dear, oh no.Plus à §a change...   The more things change...Sans blague.   seriously, all kidding asideTout fait   absolutely, exactlyVoil  Ã‚  there is, thats it Expressions and Usage of 'Enfin' Here are some of the ways enfin is used: Enfin seuls ! Alone at last!Elle y est enfin arrivà ©e. She has finally succeeded.Enfin...(interjection)   well, at least, lets say, all in all, in a word, I meanIl est intelligent, enfin, malin.  Ã‚  Hes smart, or at least shrewd.Jai perdu mes clà ©s, quelquun ma volà © la voiture, jai à ©tà © virà ©Ã‚  : enfin, pas une bonne journà ©e. I lost my keys, someone stole my car, I got fired: All in all, not a good day.Jen veux deux, enfin, trois.   Id like two, I mean three of themEnfin  ! Depuis le temps  !   Finally ! About time too !Un accord a à ©tà © enfin conclu.   An agreement has at last been reached.Enfin, jaimerais vous remercier de votre hospitalità ©.   Well, I would like to thank you for your hospitality.Enfin in short, in brief, in a wordElle est triste, mais enfin elle sen remettra.   Shes sad, but still / after all, shell get over it.Oui mais enfin, cest peut-à ªtre vrai.   Yes, after all it might well be true.Elle est jolie, enfin, mon avis. [valeur restrictive]   Shes pretty, (or) at least thats my opinion. Enfin  ! Cest la vie  !   Oh well, such is life !Ce nest pas la mà ªme chose, enfin  !   Oh come on, its not the same thing at all !Enfin, reprends-toi  !   Come on, pull yourself together !Enfin quest-ce quil y a  ? What on earth is the matter ?Cest son droit, enfin  !   Its his right, after all !Tu ne peux pas faire à §a, enfin  !   You cant do that !Un meurtrier pourrait facilement  maquiller  une strangulation par une pendaison post-mortem.  Ã‚  A murder could easily  cover up  a ligature strangulation with a post-mortem hanging.Je vais me faire coiffer et  maquiller.   Im off to have my hair and makeup done.

Operational Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Operational Management - Research Paper Example For this purpose, there are a number of statistical methods that can be employed that provide a means of measuring how controlled a process is. A new material, "super plastic", has recently been employed as the material used in production. With the introduction of this new material, it is important to have a measure on its consistency in producing quality products. Particularly, defects in the form of uneven edges, cracks, scratches, air bubbles, and thickness variations are analyzed to reveal any problems with the new process. Tables 1 and 2 present the number of defects for the new material, "super plastic", as well as the standard material. Since only raw defect data are available, the c-chart would be the best statistical tool to aid in the analysis of the new process. Since we are interested in identifying the reliability of the new manufacturing process, we take all the defects in a day as one figure. Taking the mean of this, the upper control limit (UCL) and the lower control limit (LCL) may be determined using the following formulas. The two charts show that the total defects for both materials are within the computed limits. For the standard material, the number of defects fluctuates around the mean, but there is no apparent trend and there appears to be nothing suspicious with regards to the defect rate. For the new material, however, there appears to be a slightly increasing trend in the daily defect values. During the earlier days, the values were generally below the mean, and in the later days, the values have become generally greater than the mean. This suggests the possibility of the defect count exceeding the limit in the future. This may be due to the equipment used on the new material, or it could be because of the new material itself. It therefore becomes necessary to construct individual control charts for each defect type to attempt to isolate the problem to a particular process. Calculating the means of each defect type, the upper and lower control limits presented in Tables 3 and 4 may be obtained. Table 3. The Upper and Lower Control Limits for the Standard

Foundations of human resource management (Case study analysis) Essay

Foundations of human resource management (Case study analysis) - Essay Example In itself, the recruitment process should be well structured and organized in order to achieve the required skillful labor. After recruitment, a systematic training approach should be employed in order to induce the new recruits in their designed positions. In Silver Creek Winery Company, there is a need for business expansion. This requires an effective recruitment procedure to fill the job positions that will arise during this development. This report will assist the manager of Silver Creek Company, Julia, to implement an effective staffing process. Foundations of human resource management Business management refers to the use of management skills to utilize the fundamental business resources in order to optimize the profit. The growth and future of a company can only be shaped by effective management strategies. Being a developing company, Silver Creek requires well schemed management strategies in order to achieve the effective expansion and to exploit its potential of growth. Th e various challenges facing this company demand for proper planning in order to come up with a prompt solution. These plans should be implemented in all the entities of this business. As the Human Resource manager, Julia carries the greater burden of the company as the future of the company lies on her shoulders. This report will assist Julia to employ Human resource planning, job analysis and training in the recruitment process in order to facilitate the staffing required during expansion of the company. Human resource planning is a crucial tool that is employed in the recruitment process. It is used in determining the current and future human resource that a particular business requires in order to achieve its set goals (Hartel & Fujimoto, 2010). It requires that the human resource requirements are established and a proper plan designed to satisfy these requirements. This goes hand in hand with the financial resource allocation for the entire process. The manager has a role to bud get for the process effectively, in order to achieve a successful output. Recruitment refers to the use of management skills to induce the right labor resource, with the right skills at the right time. This resource should just be adequate, without shortage or surplus. This is the greatest role of a human resource manager. In theory, Human resource planning can be used to design the staffing process in any organization, be it small or large (Hartel & Fujimoto). This process can be implemented in a number of stages. First, the company should assess the current human resource capacity of the business organization. At this stage, the skills and knowledge of the available employees should be established. To achieve this, academic documents should be used. For instance, the certificates are effective in establishing the area of specialization and the special skills that an employee possesses. Also, the day to day performance of the employees should be monitored in order to learn the pote ntials of all the employees. Secondly, it would be important to determine the future needs of human resource. Here, the manger focus is on the positions that are likely to arise in the future, and the skills that will be necessary. These parameters should relate to the dynamic state of the market. Then, a gap analysis should be conducted in order to estimate the difference between the position of the organization at the moment and that in the future. Finally, a restructuring plan should be

Physical Therapist Assistant Essay Example for Free

Physical Therapist Assistant Essay In my experience as Physical Therapist Assistant, I have come to learn that physical therapy is a profession in health care division which deals with the restoration and maintenance of the movements and function of individuals who were disabled by aging, injury, diseases, or accidents. This profession involves constant interaction between physical therapist to patients/clients, doctors, families of patients, caregivers, and even communities. Physical Therapists ( PT) and Physical Therapist Assistants ( PTA) are required to study the history of their patients, results of the physical examinations of the patients performed by medical professionals, results of laboratory examinations and imaging studies of the patients, before the therapist can establish a management plan for the patient. We can practice in different settings such as outpatient clinics and offices, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, extended care facilities, private homes, education and research centers, schools, hospices, industrial workplaces, fitness centers and sport training facilities. We can also be assigned to different specialized section of the hospital we are working in, such as: cardiopulmonary where we handle patients with cardiopulmonary disorders or those who have undergone cardiac or pulmonary surgeries; geriatric or adult patients whose movements are affected by arthritis, osteoporosis, cancer, Alzheimer diseases, hip and joint replacement, and balance disorders; neurological department where patients are afflicted with Alzheimer’s diseases, ALS, brain injury, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s diseases, spinal cord injury and stroke; orthopedic department whose patients have problems with their musculoskeletal system; We are also trained in treatment and management of infants, children and adolescents with congenital diseases, developmental, neuromuscular, skeletal and acquired disorders; while in pediatric department; and patients with wounds and burns in the intergumentary department. The educational requirements of Physical Therapist and Physical Therapist Assistant have not much difference in the subjects we have taken. Both PT s and PTAs are required to take General Biology, Psychology, Pharmacology, Patho-physiology, Medical Technology, and Human Electives. However, Physical Therapists have additional subjects such as Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology. I have also observed that this profession is more suitable to men than women. This is due to the fact that this profession calls for a lot of physical exertions such as carrying and assisting temporary invalid patients. It is also advisable to anyone who wants to enter this profession to be physically, mentally, and emotionally strong. Physically, in the sense that since we will be dealing patients whose movements are not well-coordinated due to their injuries or incapacities, they will be a lot heavier the ordinary people. We also have to be mentally and emotionally strong, as to be able to possess patience and perseverance in understanding the attitudes of the patients for they may prove difficult to handle due to their incapacities. Due to the differences in their curriculum and educational background, there are also differences in the job description between a physical therapist and a physical therapist assistant. Although they have to acquire licensure after graduation, the degree of the PT is in doctorate level while the PTA is that of an associate degree. In work area, they are both tasked with the assessment of patients, implementing the treatment of the patient, keeping and monitoring their patients’ records, communicating with patients as to the condition of their patients, and also communicating with other PT and selected healthcare professionals. However, the PT has more additional duties and obligations than the PTA. This includes the task of determining the plan care of the patient, the analysis of the evaluation and assessment results from physicians of the patients, establishing treatment goals for the patient, and managing various patient problems. The PT can assign the right tasks to the PTA and PT technicians while the PT can assign tasks to PT technicians only. Licensed PT and PTA are required to be a member of an association of physical therapist assistants such as the APTA or the American Physical Therapy Association. This association was first formed in 1921 and was called the American Women’s Physical Therapeutic Association. In the later part of 1930, this name was changed to American Physiotherapy Association and begun accepting male members. During World War II, the members of this association rose from 1,000 to 8,000 members due to greater demands for therapists. By 1940’s, it established its main office in New York, hired full-time staff, established a House of Delegates to create policies to be followed by its members, and changed its name to American Physical Therapy Association. From then on, the number of its members has swelled to more than 75,000 all over the United States. The main goal of APTA is to promote development and progress in physical therapy practice, research, and education. And assist its members in their problems regarding their work and profession. The mission of APTA is to improve the position in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the movement dysfunctions of patients. Aside from this, APTA also aimed to develop the functional abilities and health of the public. I have the privilege to interview a licensed physical therapist assistant and here are the excerpts: †¢ Why did you choose PT over other professions? I chose PT over some other profession for personal growth. You see ever since I was a child, I am very much fascinated by human anatomy. And because of this, I cannot afford to just sit back and see people suffer with their limited movements due to diseases and accidents. I then decided to take this course and profession to help people survive and rebuild their lives after their traumatic experience. Also PT has wider scope in theoretical and practical learning in school, and I want to see these principles and concepts being applied in the healthcare settings. †¢ What are the challenges involved in your profession? I find the way the interaction between the patients and me goes a big challenge. People are different. They have different attitudes, needs and wants, outlook, and so on. As such, it is very hard to interact with numerous patients everyday because the way you interact with one is not necessarily the way you would interact with the others. I mean, one patient would want to be pampered and spoiled while another would not want to be treated as if he or she was an invalid. Another challenge for me is how to motivate my patients for them to follow my instructions and the treatment plan I have propose to them. For a lot of people, the loss of functionality of one facility or skill could be very difficult to accept. Most of them would lose hope and sulk. This is, why as PT, I have to make him or her understand that we could still revive it, that we could still bring back that functionality or skill and that life can pretty much go back to normal. †¢ What advise do you give to those who aspire to become a PT like you? Well, for those who want to take up this profession, I advise them to be sure if this is really want they want in life; if they have compassion to other people specially those who are disabled. You see, this profession takes a lot of hard work†¦ physically, mentally and emotionally. One has to be patient enough in dealing with their patients, for cases handled by physical therapists require perseverance, hard work, and a lot of understanding. One must have flexible time in order to be able to attend to the needs and treatments of the patient. One must have the stamina in handling and assisting temporary disabled patients for they sure need a lot of help in their movements. One must also have the compassion to make the patient comfortable as much as possible, for mostly patients in this department are in a lot of pain with each movement they made. †¢ Is there anything you do to improve in your work? Oh yes, I do. As a matter of fact, I always update myself on any development with regards to the new treatment program being discovered by researcher in this department. I also attend seminars and study program abroad about the latest trend in giving therapy. I also keep myself well informed about the latest drug developed for patients in this area. †¢ How do you keep yourself fit and healthy in this kind of profession? As it is taxing and strenuous in this field of work, I take large doses of Vitamin C to strengthen my immune system, and multivitamins to give me this energy needed in assisting patients and treating their dysfunctions. And a lot of sleep, and most of all, clean living – meaning no smoking and drinking excess liquor, to maintain the balance needed. Works Cited â€Å"About APTA. † APTA. 2009. 09 February 2009 http://www. apta. com. â€Å"About the Profession: Physical Therapist Assistant. † Midlands Technical College. 2009. 09 February 2009 http://www. mtc. com â€Å"APTA History. † APTA. 2009. 09 February 2009. http://www. apta. com â€Å"Physical Therapy. † Wikipedia. 2009. 09 February 2009. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Physical therapy.

The Brutality of Capital Punishment :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

The Brutality of Capital Punishment      Ã‚  Ã‚   The use of capital punishment has been a permanent fixture in society since the earliest civilizations and continues to be used as a form of punishment today.   It has been used for various crimes ranging from the desertion of soldiers during wartime to the more heinous crimes of serial killers. However, the mere fact that this brutal form of punishment and revenge has been the policy of many nations in the past does not subsequently warrant its implementation in today's society.   The death penalty is morally and socially unethical, should be construed as cruel and unusual punishment since it is both discriminatory and arbitrary, has no proof of acting as a deterrent, and risks the atrocious and unacceptable injustice of executing innocent people.   As long as capital punishment exists in our society it will continue to spark the injustice which it has failed to curb.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Capital punishment is immoral and unethical.   It does not matter who does the killing because when a life is taken by another it is always wrong.   By killing a human being the state lessens the value of life and actually contributes to the growing sentiment in today's society that certain individuals are worth more than others.   When the value of life is lessened under certain circumstances such as the life of a murderer, what is stopping others from creating their own circumstances for the value of one's life such as race, class, religion, and economics.   Immanual Kant, a great philosopher of ethics, came up with the Categorical Imperative, which is a universal command or rule that states that society and individuals "must act in such a way that you can will that your actions become a universal law for all to follow" (Palmer 265).   There must be some set of moral and ethical standards that even the government can not supersede, otherwise how can the state expect its citizens not to follow its own example.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those who support the death penalty believe, or claim to believe, that capital punishment is morally and ethically acceptable.   The bulk of their evidence comes from the Old Testament which actually recommends the use of capital punishment for a number of crimes.   Others also quote the Sixth Commandment which, in the original Hebrew reads, "Thou Shall Not Commit Murder." However, these literal interpretations of selected passages from the Bible which are often quoted out of context corrupt the compassionate attitude of Judaism and Christianity, which clearly focuses on redemption and forgiveness, and urges humane and effective ways of dealing with crime and violence.