Current Health Issues affecting Indigenous Australians

Question: Depict about the Current Health Issues influencing Indigenous Australians. Answer: Presentation Regardless of the colossal endeavors made up until now, human services framework in Australia is as yet slanted towards the burdened gatherings like the non-indigenous networks. Not at all like their non-indigenous partners, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander individuals have various wellbeing challenges. The financial status and area in the remote zone makes the indigenous networks helpless against an enormous number of medical problems. Be that as it may, with the dynamic inclusion of the Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations (ACCHOs) and viable usage of the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2013-2023, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander individuals will be in the correct way of accomplishing wellbeing value simply like the remainder of the Australian culture (Cheng, Carapetis, Currie, Mulholland Chatfield 2015). This paper presents an itemized conversation on the present medical problems influencing the indigenous netw orks in Australia. It centers around the predominance of scabies and streptococcal pyoderma among the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander individuals. As a network, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander individuals experience the ill effects of scabies and streptococcal pyoderma than the remainder of the networks the country over. Scabies alludes to an infectious sicknesses brought about by parasite Sarcoptes scabiei. As a malady invasion, scabies causes pimple-like surges and genuine tingling on the body. Its significant signs and indications are injuries, tingling, thick coverings on the skin, and body surges. When invaded by scabies for the absolute first time, it for the most part takes somewhere in the range of 2 and a month and a half for the indications to show up (Gubhaju, McNamara, Banks, Joshy, Raphael, Williamson Eades 2013). In any case, on second invasion, the manifestations start to show up on the primary day. As a rule, the side effects show up in certain body parts, for example, the fingers, wrists, and waistlines. Streptococcal pyoderma, then again, is an infectious skin ailment that is credited to bacterial contamination of the body. It is a typical pyogenic sickness that influences countless individuals particularly the kids. In spite of the fact that its definite causes are not yet known, pyoderma is ascribed to the nearness of immune system maladies like rheumatoid joint inflammation, crohns illness, and ulcerative colitis. Notwithstanding, its hazard factors are sexual orientation, age, blood malignancy, rheumatoid joint pain, and incendiary inside ailment. Its side effects incorporate a progressive appearance of pyoderma gangrenosum portrayed by creepy crawly like chomps, small red knocks, and agonizing huge wounds in the body (Fredericks, Lee, Adams Mahoney 2015). Different side effects incorporate ulcers which obviously show up on a people legs or other careful destinations of the body. Why the Prevalence of Scabies and Streptococcal Pyoderma High Amongst the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander People Scabies and Streptococcal pyoderma are the absolute most regular illness diseases that are so common among the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander individuals. Predominance for scabies among the kids, for example, remains at half. Examination has demonstrated that these ailments stay a significant reason for grimness among these indigenous networks (Cheng, Carapetis, Currie, Mulholland Chatfield 2015). This is because of numerous reasons that incorporate the accompanying: To begin with, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander People are situated in the remote regions of Australia. The area of these networks in such zones makes them increasingly pervasive to skin sicknesses in light of numerous reasons. In the remote provincial territories, it is difficult to gain admittance to offices, for example, clothes washers and clean material. These are fundamental offices that are constantly required to help in advancing individual and collective cleanliness (Donato Segal 2013). Exploration has discovered that the skin ailments are connected to diseases that may be forestalled if proper measures are taken to keep up cleanliness in the network. For instance, during episode, individuals ought not think that its difficult to obtain clothes washers. Also, the pervasiveness of scabies and streptococcal pyoderma among the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander individuals due to their financial status. Dissimilar to the remainder of the non-indigenous networks, the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander individuals are not financially engaged. These indigenous networks are not monetarily steady and in this manner need access to basic wares like lodging. This is a significant hit to the networks since absence of legitimate lodging offices encourages the spread of skin pervasions. When an individual can't get to lodging offices, it probably won't be conceivable to address the contamination of skin maladies (Baba, Brolan Hill 2014). All instances of cleanliness probably won't be appropriately tended to in a convenient way before the disease spreads to perilous levels. On the off chance that the indigenous networks had no such difficulties, the instances of scabies pervasion may be controlled. Ultimately, the pervasiveness of scabies and streptococcal pyoderma is connected to the poor day to day environments in the country territories. Not at all like in the urban focuses where there are legitimate arranging and structure of the offices, provincial zones are described by congestion. Which means, there are a high number of individuals living in together. High populace thickness is very unfortunate since it improves the pace of predominance of skin illness pervasions (Jongen, McCalman, Bainbridge Tsey 2014). The infectious idea of the scabies for instance makes it simple to be spread starting with one individual then onto the next as long as there is a continuous introduction or no prompt disconnection measures are taken to isolate the tainted people from the remainder of the populace. It is along these lines clear that the pervasiveness of scabies and streptococcal pyoderma is so high among the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander individuals. These are network obtained maladies that are dictated by the antimicrobial weakness profile of every network (Parker Milroy 2014). The indigenous networks are progressively helpless to these skin contaminations as a result of their area in the remote regions in which the spread of skin illnesses is improved by the high populace densities, and poor availability to lodging and social insurance offices. The board of Scabies and Streptococcal Pyoderma on the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander People Scabies and streptococcal pyoderma are malady conditions that are not alluring in light of the fact that they have a capability of adversely affecting on the wellbeing status of people. Aside from adding to genuine medical issues like renal and rheumatic heart sicknesses, the skin ailments can prompt genuine financial weights in the network due to its effects on work truancy and expanded use on medicinal services (Doolan, Najman, Henderson, Cherney, Plotnikova, Ward, Kemp, Dev Smirnov 2015). Henceforth, it is important to think of plausible measures to deal with the infections. To do this, the accompanying measures can be taken: A complete general wellbeing the executives plan ought to be figured to address the test of scabies and streptococcal pyoderma among the Aboriginals and the Torres Strait Islander individuals. This ought to be custom fitted to handle the financial difficulties confronting these indigenous networks, for example, poor lodging offices, congestion, and cleanliness (Tieman, Lawrence, Damarell, Sladek Nikolof 2014). One method of accomplishing this objective is to develop normalized network pools, direct and appropriately look after them. In addition, the youngsters in remote territories ought to be outfitted with showering offices to empower them get to quality cleaning offices like the remainder of the country. The other method of managing the scabies and streptococcal pyoderma is arranging for powerful treatment for the patients utilizing fitting prescriptions. The treatment ought to be intended to suit the families, singular patients, and the network on the loose. Treatment ought to be founded on the level of seriousness, follow-up norms, treatment dangers, causative specialists, characteristic movement, adequacy, and reactions (Cheng, Carapetis, Currie, Mulholland Chatfield 2015). For successful help conveyance, the drug procedure ought to be taken care of by the neighborhood local medicinal services suppliers who have a more profound comprehension of the nearby local networks wherein they work. References Baba, J.T., Brolan, C.E. Slope, P.S., 2014. Native clinical administrations fix more than sickness: a subjective investigation of how Indigenous administrations address the wellbeing effects of separation in Brisbane people group. Global diary for value in wellbeing, 13(1), p.1. Cheng, A., Carapetis, J., Currie, B., Mulholland, E. Chatfield, M., 2015. Effect of an ivermectin mass medication organization on scabies pervasiveness in a remote Australian Aboriginal people group. PL o S Neglected Tropical Diseases [E], 9(10, Article No. e0004151), pp.1-13. Donato, R. Segal, L., 2013. Does Australia have the suitable wellbeing change plan to close the hole in Indigenous wellbeing?. Australian Health Review, 37(2), pp.232-238. Doolan, I., Najman, J., Henderson, S., Cherney, A., Plotnikova, M., Ward, J., Kemp, R., Dev, A. Smirnov, A., 2015. A review examination investigation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander infusing drug clients and their contact with youth confinement or potentially jail. Australian Indigenous Health Bulletin, 15(4). Fredericks, B.L., Lee, V., Adams, M.J. Mahoney, R., 2015. Native and Torres Strait Islander Health. Prologue to Public Health [3rd Ed.], pp.355-376. Gubhaju, L., McNamara, B.J., Banks, E., Joshy, G., Raphael, B., Williamson, A. Eades, S.J., 2013. The general wellbeing and hazard factor profile of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander members from the 45 and up study. BMC general wellbeing, 13(1), p.1. Jongen, C., McCalman, J., Bainbridge, R.

Critically evaluate the sustainability of the supply of phosphorus to Essay

Fundamentally assess the maintainability of the gracefully of phosphorus to UK horticulture - Essay Example Inorganic phosphorus is accessible in the dirt in type of insoluble mineral edifices (Schmidt and Schaechter, 2012, pp. 514). The insoluble structure can't be consumed by plants. The natural issue represents 20-80% of phosphorus in the dirt. Just 0.1% of the solvent phosphorus is accessible for take-up by plants. The momentum circumstance that includes loses at each progression of phosphorus life cycle adds to worries about future supplies and water and soil contamination, both in the UK and around the world. Productivity in its creation, use, reusing and minimization of waste could prompt significant steps being made towards a practical phosphorus use. This would set the world on the way towards asset productivity and guarantee that phosphorus holds are accessible for people in the future. All inclusive, phosphorus assets are plenteous and saves are critical. In any case, there are various elements inferring that the security of phosphorus ought to be observed in the UK. UK has scar cely any phosphate bearing rocks holds. In 2008, there was cost instability in which the expense of phosphorus rock rose by 700%, adding to an expansion in the cost of manures. Improving the utilization of reused phosphorus in the UK and the world, all in all, would help in protecting the gracefully and dissemination of phosphorus both at territorial and worldwide level. Financially, broadening phosphorus gracefully to the UK organizations, which depend on it, would improve their versatility looked by any future value shakiness and different patterns that may exasperate their significant reliance. Cultivating rehearses that help in taking care of billions of individuals in the UK include the utilization of phosphate composts, fabricated from the phosphate rock. The stone is a non-inexhaustible asset, and it is being utilized generally since the finish of the nineteenth century. The reliance on the phosphate rock for food creation calls for feasible administration practices to guaran tee that it is monetarily accessible to UK ranchers. The utilization of phosphorus in the UK agribusiness is related with a few sorts of potential natural effects. Little measures of phosphorus limit plants development, bringing about soil disintegration. The utilization of an excess of phosphorus prompts misfortunes of the supplement to surface water, prompting eutrophication. Progressively supportable practices, for example better administration of field applications and upgraded phosphorus reusing, can add to enhancements in profitability and diminished natural effects. UK researchers are beginning to qualify in phosphorus creation through food creation and utilization frameworks. By estimation, only one-fifth of the mined phosphorus in UK is expended as food by people. The rest of the segment is utilized in farming, held in soil, discharged in the oceanic condition or lost in food squander. High harvest yields in UK, in a general sense, rely upon mined phosphate rock. In a littl e populace, famers could satisfactorily get horticultural yields by preparing the dirt with phosphorus got from human and other animals’ excreta. Populace development in the UK in the eighteenth and nineteenth centauries invigorated the creation of food, bringing about quick exhaustion of soil supplements. Ranchers, in this manner, began utilizing a lot of off-ranch wellsprings of phosphorus, including guano, phosphate rock and bone supper. Phosphate rock, which was modest and ample, turned into the generally favored source. Thus, UK ranchers embraced new cultivating strategies like planting high

Alcohols Effect on Nutrition

Alcohols Effect on Nutrition More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Good nutrition is, of course, essential for providing energy and maintaining body structure and function. Many alcoholics, however, tend to eat less than the amount of food necessary to provide sufficient carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins and minerals. On top of that, alcohol itself can interfere with the nutrition process by affecting digestion, storage, utilization and excretion of nutrients. Consequently, chronic heavy drinkers are hit with a double health whammyâ€"they dont consume enough nutrients, and the nutrients they do consume are not utilized well. As a result, many drinkers with alcohol use disorders are at least mildly malnourished and if their disorder is severe enough for them to be hospitalized, they are usually severely malnourished. How Nutrition Is Supposed to Work The digestive system is supposed to work this way: The body begins to breakdown food into usable molecules in the mouth and continues the process in the stomach and intestines, with help from the pancreas. Nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the blood from the intestines and carried to the liver where they are prepared for immediate use or for storage for later use. Alcohol Interferes With Digestion Alcohol inhibits the natural breakdown of nutrients in several ways: Decreasing secretion of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.Impairing nutrient absorption by damaging the cells lining the stomach and intestines.Disabling transport of some nutrients into the blood.Preventing those nutrients that are absorbed from being fully utilized by altering their transport, storage, and excretion. If the person who is drinking to excess is also not eating well, their nutritional deficiencies alone can impair the absorption of nutrients by altering the cells lining the small intestine. Alcohol and Energy Supply Eating a balanced diet provides the body with the necessary calories to be used for energy, but some alcoholics will ingest as much as 50% for their total daily calories from alcohol. Alcohol does provide calories, but the body processes and uses the energy from alcohol differently than it does the calories from food. Because chronic drinking can cause the body to use the microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) to metabolize alcohol, much of that energy is lost as heat rather than used for energy. Alcohol and Hypoglycemia If alcohol is substituted for carbohydrates, calorie for calorie, the person will lose weight instead of gain weight. This means they are getting less energy from alcohol calories than from food calories. In alcoholics who are malnourished, consuming alcohol can cause a decrease in blood sugar, which can cause serious injury. The hypoglycemia, even if short-lived, can cause the brain and other body tissue to be deprived of the glucose needed to function. Alcohol and the Maintenance of Cell Structure If you do not have enough protein in your diet, your body is not able to properly maintain cell structure, because cells are composed mostly of protein. If you drink alcohol to excess, you can prevent the protein that you do eat from maintaining cell structure. Alcohol can affect protein nutrition in the following ways: Impairs digestion of proteins to amino acidsImpairs processing of amino acids by the small intestine and liverImpairs synthesis of proteins from amino acidsImpairs protein secretion by the liver Alcohol and the Maintenance of Function Proteins, vitamins, and minerals are essential for maintaining proper body function. Alcohol can affect proper body functioning by causing nutrient deficiencies and by disrupting the machinery the body uses to metabolize nutrients. Vitamins: Vitamins help regulate many physiological processes in the body essential to maintaining growth and normal metabolism. By impairing absorption, metabolism, and utilization of vitamins, chronic heavy drinking can cause vitamin deficiencies. Alcohol consumption can cause deficiencies in vitamin A, C, D, E, K, and B vitamins. These deficiencies can cause night blindness, softening of the bones, slow healing of wounds, decreased the ability of the blood to clot and, in the brain, severe neurological damage. Minerals: Alcoholics have been found to have deficiencies in calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc. Research shows that drinking alcohol itself does not limit the absorption of minerals, but alcohol-related problems do. Mineral deficiencies may be caused by other alcohol-related conditions: Decreased calcium absorption caused by fat malabsorption.Magnesium deficiency due to poor diet.Magnesium loss due to excretion, vomiting, and diarrhea.Iron deficiency due to gastrointestinal bleeding.Zinc losses related to other nutrient deficiencies. Alcohol, Malnutrition, and Medical Complications Liver Disease: Alcohol itself is the major cause of alcoholic liver disease, but poor nutrition can decrease nutrients normally found in the liver and therefore contribute to alcohol-related liver damage. Alcohol depletes carotenoids, a major source of vitamin A and E in the liver. Pancreatitis: Some studies have found that alcohols damaging effect on the pancreas is exacerbated by a diet deficient in protein. Other research has suggested that malnutrition can increase the risk of developing alcoholic pancreatitis. Brain Damage: Nutritional deficiencies can have a variety of severe and permanent effects on how the brain works. Thiamine deficiency in particular, which is frequently seen in people with severe alcohol use disorders, can cause serious neurological problems, impaired movement, and memory loss. Pregnancy: Not only does drinking during pregnancy have direct toxic effects on fetal development, but alcohol-related nutritional deficiency can also affect the fetus, compounding the risk of developmental damage. Alcohol has been shown to restrict nutrition flow to the fetus. Take Care of Yourself If you are drinking more than the recommended guidelines, chances are you are probably not eating as well as you should either. Not only is the excess alcohol in your system potentially causing a variety of negative health effects on your body, but you may also be facing a risk of damage from poor nutrition. If you do drink, make sure that you look after yourself by getting enough nutrients, eating balanced meals and maybe supplementing your diet with a good one-a-day multivitamin, appropriate for your age and gender.

Who Was the Inventor of Hoover Vacuum Cleaners

It might stand to reason that the Hoover vacuum cleaner was invented by someone named Hoover, but that’s surprisingly not the case. It was an inventor named James Spangler who invented the first portable electric vacuum cleaner in 1907. The Janitor With a Better Idea   Spangler was working as a janitor working at the Zollinger Department Store in Ohio when the idea of a portable electric vacuum cleaner first came to him. The carpet sweeper he used on the job was making him cough a lot and this was dangerous because Spangler was an asthmatic. Unfortunately, he didn’t have many other options because standard â€Å"vacuum cleaners† at the time were large, unwieldy affairs pulled by horses and not exactly conducive to indoor cleaning. Spangler decided to come up with his own version of a vacuum cleaner, one that wouldnt  endanger his health. He wasn’t new to inventing, as  he’d already patented a grain harvester in 1897 and a form of hay rake in 1893. He began tinkering with an old fan motor, which he attached it to a soap box stapled to a broom handle. He then converted an old pillowcase into a dust collector and attached that as well. Spanglers contraption eventually became the first vacuum cleaner to use both a cloth filter bag and cleaning attachments as he improved his basic model. He received a patent for it in 1908. Spangler’s asthma was better, but his vacuum got off to a somewhat shaky start. He wanted to manufacture what he called his â€Å"suction sweeper† on his own and  formed the Electric Suction Sweeper Company to make it happen. Unfortunately, investors were hard to come by and manufacturing was at a virtual standstill until he happened to demonstrate his new vacuum cleaner to his cousin. William Hoover Takes Over Spangler’s cousin Susan Hoover was married  to businessman William Hoover, who was suffering some of his own financial frustrations at the time. Hoover made and sold saddles, harnesses, and other leather products for horses, just as automobiles were steadfastly beginning to replace horses. Hoover was itching for a new business opportunity when his wife told him about Spangler’s vacuum cleaner and arranged for a demonstration. Hoover was so impressed with the vacuum cleaner that he promptly bought Spanglers business and his patents. He became the president of the Electric Suction Sweeper Company and renamed it the Hoover Company. Production was initially limited to an average of six vacuums a day that no one particularly wanted to buy. Hoover wasn’t discouraged and began offering customers free trials and signed up a slew of door-to-door salesmen who could take the invention into homes and show the housewives at the time how well they worked. Sales began to boom.  Eventually, there was a Hoover vacuum in nearly every American home. Hoover made further improvements to Spanglers vacuum cleaner over the years, as its often said that Spanglers original model resembled a bagpipe attached to a cake box.  Spangler stayed on with the Hoover Company as its superintendent, never officially retiring. His wife, son, and daughter all worked for the company as well. Spangler died in January 1914, the night before he was scheduled to take his first vacation.

Survival Guide Rules to Live By - 1092 Words

Gen 105 – Week Nine- Final Project – Survival Guide March 30, 2008 Survival Guide Start by getting your computer ready. Have plenty of memory, ink for the printer and paper. Tell all friends and family that you are in college; you have no time and please do not bother me. I will always eat before I start on the computer. I do not want to be hungry while I am reading or typing and I want to avoid snacking while on the computer to avoid weight gain. I will go to the bathroom and get a tall glass of ice water before getting on the computer. Have a good relationship with your counselor, because you never know when you might need them. Invest in Simon Schuster’s book, â€Å"Handbook for Writers† and a good dictionary, because sometimes†¦show more content†¦I try to get all assignments and participation done by Saturday, so I can have a little time for me, or do what is needed around the house, spend time with Lily ( our four year girl) , and maybe watch a movie. I will apply the SQ3R technique to studying my college courses. I will approach the material in a positive way and with an open mind. I will minimize distractions to focus on my reading and make sure I am in a quiet place. I will do most of my reading and assignments at my desk in my room and most of the time; it will happen at night. I will survey the text to read faster. I will take notes and ask myself questions as a way to comprehend and retain the information and to be able to look back on as needed. I might re-read over the text or my notes or recite the text out loud to help me remember. I will pay attention to topics of paragraphs, headings, bold face type, italics, and summaries. Being a logical/mathematical and organizer personality will help me organize material logically and analyze any situations. I will make to do lists to stay on track. Participation with my classmates every week will help me to relate to others with different personalities and intelligences. I am interested in self-improvement, so I will enjoy learning something new and solving problems. Some weaknesses that I will have to work on, is the adventurer and the naturalistic in me. I mightShow MoreRelatedEssay on Zombies in Popular culture758 Words   |  4 Pagesundead. The story follows a college student who follows a list of rules in order to survive. He meets three other survivors, and they stick together in order to survive. Each of them find something that they have been looking for, Columbus, the main character, found love, Tallahassee finds a new family, Wichita and Little Rock find peo ple they can trust. Before Zombieland, I hadn’t really thought about the importance of zombie survival in a humorous yet informative way. Sure, while there was ShaunRead MoreLifeboat Dilemm The Queen V. Dudley And Stephens903 Words   |  4 Pagesdays after the Shipwreck, Parker appeared to be dying after drinking sea water against the advice of Dudley and Stephens. 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Describe the symptoms and treatment of asthma Free Essays

Unfortunately asthma can be inherited and in many children asthma is diagnosed after having a cold or fever. Studies shows that a high percentage of these children, during their lifetime will have a higher chance of getting rid of the disease. On the other hand if asthma is inherited, most likely the patient will be diagnosed during his or her lifetime. We will write a custom essay sample on Describe the symptoms and treatment of asthma or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to statistics, asthma is one of the most common physiological disorders and it can affect all ages. Nowadays, we have specific treatments to control the disease but unfortunately, till now, there is no cure. One of the most important functions of the respiratory system is to breathe. Air is inhaled through the mouth or nose, it then moves through the pharynx, larynx and trachea into the lungs. After that process, the air is exhaled through the same pathway. During normal inhalation the external intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract and as a result of this the rib cage elevates. Due to this the volume of the lungs increases, air pressure drops so air rushes in. On the other hand during normal exhalation the muscles relax, lungs become smaller, air pressure rises and air is expelled. Asthma is a lung disease which narrows and inflames the air ways, we have tubes which they carry air into our lungs. When a person is diagnosed with asthma these tubes are inflamed. This inflammation makes the airways terribly swollen and sensitive. Due to this the inflammation starts reacting to certain substances that enter the airway. Once the airway starts reacting to these substances our muscles tighten up, as a result of this the airways are narrowed so less air enters to the lungs. Asthma has an impact on other body systems, these are the immune system, the nervous system and the respiratory system. Starting off with the first system, the respiratory system of a person with asthma is more sensitive to environmental irritants than of a normal person. When there is contact with an environmental irritant, automatically the airway narrows making it more difficult to breathe. Second system, the immune system, our immune system helps our body to fight germs. When a person is diagnosed with asthma, his immune system is more sensitive to substances that are not harmful to those who do not have asthma. The last system that I am going to explain is the nervous system. According to John Hopkins University â€Å"research indicates that asthma affects your nervous system, a nerve growth factor a nervous system protein, has been found to increase sensitivity to irritants among people suffering from asthma and allergies†. (Apryl Bevelery: 2014) In this paragraph I am going to mention and explain some asthma symptoms starting off with the first symptom wheezing. Wheezing is one of the most common symptoms, wheezing is a squeaky noise which is normally heard while the person is sleeping. Wheezing can be heard more during this period because the airway normally narrows during respiration. Wheezing happens because there is a narrowing or obstruction from the level of the larynx to the small bronchi. According to studies, wheezing is said to happen by oscillations and vibrations of the airway walls. This sound is formed when air passes through a narrowed portion of the airway, then air passes with high velocity producing a decrease in gas pressure which later on it is flown in the constricted region. Once it arrives in the internal airway the pressure begins to increase which will be barely able to reopen the airway lumen. A second symptom coughing, a person diagnosed with asthma can suffer from coughs during an asthmatic attack, one can think that coughs are painful but it is a natural reflex which protects our lungs. This happens by clearing foreign substances that our body does not want. This process starts by, when an unwanted substance enters, our nerves sends an electric impulse to the brain to tell our muscles in our chest and abdomen to contract against these substances. When the nerve endings of our airways become irritated coughs usually occurs. After this contraction it will release large amounts of air and high amount of strength to eject these substances. There are different types of coughs namely chronic and acute. Chronic cough means that the cough will stay longer, most probably this is due to a medical condition. While acute cough means that the cough happens only at that moment. The last symptom that I am going to mention is chest tightness and shortness of breath, these are also common symptoms. A patient who is not diagnosed with asthma has a clear bronchiole wall, this wall will be relaxed and provides an open airway. On the other hand a patient with asthma will be very sensitive to irritants, as a result of this when an irritant occurs most probably it will inflame this wall. A list of these irritants can be smoke, stress, dust mites, infections and many more. Due to these problems such as releasing leukotrienes, result of this an inflammation may occur which unfortunately will lead to overproduction of mucus. Overproduction of the mucus will result in constriction in the bronchiole making it difficult for air to move in the lungs. As a result of this an asthmatic attack can occur. There are specific factors which may result in triggering asthma, starting off with the first factor which is environmental. Nowadays we live in an environment which has a high amount of pollutants such as, flower scents, mould, pests, dust mites, tobacco, animal dander, car pollution, extreme weather and many more. There are certain factors that we can control especially those that we can find indoors. Those that are found indoors can be controlled in order to avoid asthma triggers, an example of this can be cleaning weekly, keeping pets out of rooms, removing carpets, servicing the air conditioners and vacuuming. Second factor can be allergies, unfortunately an allergic reaction can be similar or the same in order to trigger an asthma attack. According to studies being overweight will result in more chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which means that the patient will suffer from inflammation throughout the body. Last factor that I am going to explain is smoking, this can affect an asthmatic person because when a person inhales tobacco, irritations substances will lay out in the moist lining on the airways. These irritants can trigger an asthma attack. Nowadays thanks to scientists we are developing more and more tests in order to be able to diagnose diseases in their early stages. Starting off with the first test spirometry, this test is often used to assess the patient’s lungs. The procedure of this test is to take deep breathes and exhaling it as fast as they can through a mouthpiece attached to this equipment. This test consists of two measurements, these are the volume of air breathed in and the volume of air breathed out. Normally this test is done many times to get accurate results. Second test peak expiratory flow test, this test is done by a device called peak flow meter. This is a very easy test, it measures how fast the patient can blow air out of his/her lungs in only one breathe. Most of the time this test occurs over weeks, in fact the patient needs to take this device home so she/he can record daily measurements. The patient needs to take this device with him or her because asthma can be vary due to changes in our lungs throughout the day. Third test airway responsiveness, this is a difficult test in fact this test occurs only if there are no clear symptoms of asthma. The airway responsiveness test measures how the airway reacts when it is contacted with a trigger. During this test the patient is asked to breathe in medication, which will eventually irritate the airways and possibly trigger a mild asthma attack. Another test that can be done is testing airway inflammation, this test can be done by two different methods. The first method is to take a phlegm sample and the second method is while the patient is breathing out, the level of the nitric oxide is measured. An allergy test can also be done in order to confirm if the person’s asthma is associated with any allergies. Imaging tests are also an alternative, these can be a CT-scan or a chest x-ray of the patient nose cavities and lungs. With these scans they can identify any abnormalities related to asthma. The last test that I am going to mention is the sputum eosinophils, the main role of this test is to look for white blood cells while the patient is coughing. The white blood cells are present when symptoms occurs which later on are visible when they are stained with eosin. Fortunately there are certain treatments that help prevent and control asthma, starting off with the first treatment inhaled corticosteroids are preferred methods for long-term control of asthma. The main function of this treatment is to relieve inflammation and swelling, reducing inflammation helps to prevent asthma attacks. Another treatment which is given during an asthma attack is cromolyn, this medicine is given when the patient is using the nebulizer. Once the patient breathes in, the nebulizer will send medicine to the lungs to prevent airway inflammation. Omalizumab is a medicine given as an injection one or two times a month, this medicine helps to prevent our body from reacting to asthma triggers. Inhaled long-acting beta2-agonist and theophylline are all medicines that open the airways. The leukotriene modifiers are a medicine take orally, this helps to prevent increase of inflammation. Then there is the quick-relief medicine these are called inhaled short-acting beta2-agonisits these act quickly in order to relax tight muscle, this allows to open airways so air can flow through them. A patient who is diagnosed with asthma needs to have frequent check-ups, it is also very important to remove any items which can trigger asthma such as rugs or animals. It is also recommended to record your symptoms in a diary to see how well the treatment is controlling your asthma. Good control of asthma will prevent coughing and shortness of breath, reduce the use of quick relief medicine, help to maintain good lung function, prevent asthma attacks and let the person maintain the normal activity of sleeping throughout the night. It is also very important to use proper asthma medications as like with other medications they have side effects. When a person starts having these symptoms it is very important to do a check-up or talk to someone else because if these signs are not treated asthma triggers can worsen which even in some cases can be fatal. How to cite Describe the symptoms and treatment of asthma, Papers

Organizational Change Management

Why is it often difficult for managers to bring about major change in their organization? What, if anything, can a manager do to improve the chances of a successful organizational change? Change management refers to a strategy applied by organizations in order to modulate people and cooperative units from their current state to a desired state (Balogun 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Change Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Change management also refers to an administration framework used by organizations to implement new processes, revise structural design, and reorient corporate culture. It aims at eliminating bureaucracy in management of organizations (Weil 2002). Organizational change management addresses human resource aspects in organizations because all activities revolve around organizational workforce. Effective change management in an organization involves understanding t he change process, communicating the need for implementing change to all stakeholders, identifying possible obstacles, and working towards getting support from employees. The process of organizational change management involves four key steps namely assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation (Weil 2002). One of the cardinal rules in organizational change management is to desist from forcing change on people. It is important to ensure that people are ready for real, feasible, and computable change. Effective change management in an organization requires competent leaders who provide necessary motivation, support, and assurance to employees (Balogun 2006). In most cases, implementing change in an organization is a nightmare because of resistance from workers under different departments, thus failing to meet set targets. Managers and business leaders often face numerous challenges in implementing change in organizations. Many factors contribute to poor results by managers, mos t of which stem from within the organizations (Balogun 2006). The first contributing factor is poor understanding and interpretation of the change process. The change process is often complex and necessitates full comprehension of all demands associated with the process (Balogun 2006). For example, the projects created by automobile companies Toyota and Ford under the names Toyota-ism and Ford-ism respectively demonstrated poor understanding of change management. The two automakers wanted to improve their employee productivity through limiting the time they needed to complete tasks (Weil 2002). The changes failed in both companies as essential considerations in change process did not apply. Some essential considerations the two companies failed to make before implementing change include objectives of proposed change, reasons for effecting change, as well as criteria of determining success of effected changes. It is also important to identify individuals who are likely to be affected by the change, their possible reactions, and best ways of responding to reactions (Balogun 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another important consideration is identification of organizational potential to implement change. This entails identifying changes that an organization can implement on its own, those that require external help, and possible avenues for such help (Weil 2002). The second reason why managers fail to implement change in organizations is lack of regular outlines, communication systems, and fundamental paraphernalia for managing change. This is a challenge to managers because employees and other stakeholders are not familiar with change implementation strategies. It is important to have a universal set of explanations, strategies, and development blueprint within an organization (Balogun 2006). For example, when an organization develops its structure and corporate culture without defining how change will apply, individuals responsible for implementing change, and approaches for doing it, managers are bound to have a hard time when need for change arises. A clear outline will eliminate employee resistance to change, as they analyze change before its implementation. This also entails identification of individuals responsible for effective change management (Balogun 2006). In most organizations, managers are responsible for change management and act as reference points for shareholders whenever issues related to change management arise within an organization. Finally, managers may fail to effectively, implement change due to organizational structure and corporate culture (Weil 2002). During development of a business plan that determines how an organization will be structured and the corporate culture it will develop, it is important to incorporate aspects of change management. Many organizations apply change management as an add-o n instead of something that ought to be part of the organizational culture. Change happens all the time and an organization cannot afford to shy away from developing strategies that facilitate effective change management (Weil 2002). For example, when developing an organization’s corporate values, it is important to include values that focus on numerous objectives that promote effective change management. It is also important to ensure that employees’ at all structural levels within the organization have good knowledge of change management, and their responsibilities in implementing change (Balogun 2006). Despite presence of organizational challenges, managers should strive to apply their skills and competencies in achieving success. References Balogun, J 2006, Managing Change: Steering A Course Between Intended Strategies  And Unanticipated Outcomes, Elsevier Publishers, New York.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Change Managemen t specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Burnes, B 2004, Managing Change: A Strategic Approach To Organizational Dynamics, Cengage Learning, New York. Weil, S 2002, Post-Bureaucracy And Change Management, Cengage Learning, New York. This essay on Organizational Change Management was written and submitted by user Conor Richmond to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.